What developmental conflict did Erikson identify for preschool children aged 3 to 5 years?

Erikson identified the developmental conflict of "Initiative versus guilt" for preschool children aged 3 to 5 years, emphasizing this critical stage as a time when children assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interactions. During this period, children begin to take the initiative in their activities, which encourages them to explore, make decisions, and initiate interactions with peers. This initiative is essential for developing leadership qualities and a sense of purpose.

However, if their efforts lead to guilt—such as when they feel they have overstepped boundaries or if they are discouraged from taking initiative—it can hinder their emotional and social growth. Successfully navigating this conflict fosters feelings of initiative and the ability to make decisions, while failing to do so may lead to feelings of guilt and a lack of confidence in their abilities. This stage is crucial as it starts to set the foundation for how children view themselves in relation to their ambitions and actions.